http://www.ladyjanegrey.org/ Lady Jane Grey
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/maryqueenofscots.htm Mary Queen of Scots
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/punishment.htm Crime and Punishment Elizabeth
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/torture.htm Torture in the Tower
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/luther95.txt 95 Thesis
http://www.pbs.org/empires/martinluther/cheats.html 10 things about Martin Luther
http://wsu.edu/~dee/REFORM/LUTHER.HTM Great Quick Reference to the main people of the Reformation
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/alexanderVI.htm - Nothing but dirt here on Pope Alexander VI
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/launch_gms_spying.shtml Game Mary Queen of Scots
http://tudorhistory.org/wives/ Henry VIII Wives
http://www.greatsite.com/timeline-english-bible-history/john-calvin.html John Calvin
http://www.greatsite.com/timeline-english-bible-history/john-knox.html John Knox
Counter Reformation Images via Khan Academy
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-history/art-history-1500-1600-end-of-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/new-topic/v/introduction-to-the-protestant-reformation--the-counter-reformation--4-of-4
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDhenry8.htm Very Good Article on Henry VIII, wives and politics
http://tudorhistory.org/wives/ Henry VIII Wives
http://www.hrp.org.uk/henry-viii/children Henry VIII Children
http://www.hrp.org.uk/henry-viii/wives Henry VIII Wives
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/mary_queen_of_scots.htm Mary Queen of Scots
http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/lds/meridian/2010/luther.html Dream that saved Luther
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxZIu4SEpz8 Baroque
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=134QfGNwP18&feature=relatedBaroque Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6zxP4QqfG8&feature=relatedBaroque Art
http://www.xtimeline.com/timeline/APEuroFrue 13-31 Timeline
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB56811B704ABA531 Reformation Lectures on You Tube
6 comments:
The first site i went to was about Queen Elizabeth and crime. When I was reading, I came across the most gruesome way to be executed. The greatest and most grievous punishment that was used was being drawn to the place of execution upon an hurdle or sled, where they are hanged till they be half dead, and then taken down, and quartered alive. After that, their members and bowels are cut from their bodies, and thrown into a fire within their own sight. If you stole something, you were whipped but depending on the severity and if you confessed or not, some people were pressed to death.
The second site I went to was about Henry VIII and his 6 wives. There were biographies on each of them. Catherine of Aragon married the king and gave birth to Mary Tudor. She didn't give birth to a son so Henry divorced her for Anne Boleyn. She was executed. His next wife, Jane Seymour, died due to the c-section she had. Henry then married Anne of Cleves. They divorced and he married Katheryn Howard. She was promiscuous, so Henry had her executed. He finally married Katherine Parr and when Henry VIII, she was widowed for the second time. She eventually died of puerperal fever.
Nicholas D'Aleo
The first article that I read was about crime and punishment in Elizabethan England.Trials were often skewed in favor of the prosecution and certain accusations resulted in not having a legal council in trial. The greatest punishment at this time involved being hanged until half dead and then quartered alive. This is followed by getting bowels cut out and being thrown into a fire. If the nobility were to be tried it would be by there peers, and the same went for gentlemen. Thieves who fail to say what they did would be pressed to death by huge weights.
The second article that I read was about the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, who was thrown into political turmoil at a very young age. After a series of events in her life, Mary was ordered to be executed by Queen Elizabeth who was threatened by her. Mary actually thanked the jailer for the news because she was ready for an end to her misery. When she asked for time to get things in order she was rudely denied. Even on the scaffold she was pleading for her almoner without success. Before her execution she forgave all those who were responsible for her death in hope of God forgiving her sins.
Alannah LeBlanc
The first article that I read ws about the idea of a spy ring that was put into place in order to over through Queen Elizabeth. The main focus of the article was on Father Gerend, who was a spy for this ring. Throughout the article, it was described the enslavement and torturer that was done to him. This torture was done to figure out the origins of the spy ring. Something that was quite interesting about the spies was that they were quite extreme in there ideas. In one case they were caught in an attempt to bomb Parliament. The second article that I read was about the idea of crime and punishment n this time period. According to this article, the nobles were often given more dignity in there deaths while the commoners were just killed and ignored. One of the most interesting things about this time period was the fact that the people that commuted suicide were punished with a stake through the heart. With the idea of the common thief, they seemed to be a bit more lenient in the idea of just imprisoning them, apposed to killing them.
-Dallas Faulkner
The Death of Pope Alexander VI, the first article I read, explained how he was the epitome of corruption in the Roman Catholic Church. He was famous for bribing his way into the position and using two of his children, Cesare and Lucrezia, for political gain. He sold cardinal seats and indulgences to support his lavish lifestyle. The article then goes on to describe the death of Pope Alexander VI and how many of his possessions in his living area were stolen very shortly after his death. All other possessions were presided over by the Cardinals. In the last part of the article, there is a description of how unholy the Pope's body was treated after his death which proves how unpopular he really was.
The second article that I chose was about King Henry VIII's children. His eldest daughter, whose mother was Katherine of Aragon, whilst in power, attempted to return England to the Catholic Church. This meant that she ordered a mass persecution of protestants that earned her this nickname "Bloody Mary." His second daughter, whose mother was Anne Boleyn, whilst in power for almost 50 years, attempted to once again return England to Protestantism. Widely known as the "Virgin Queen," she is one of the most famous rulers in all of European history. Henry's only son, Edward VI, whose mother was Jane Seymour, came into power when he was just 9 years old. His life was short for he was a sickly child. There are some rumors about Henry having numerous illegitimate children for he was infamous for his brief affairs.
Anneke Huynen
Reading about Father Gerard, and his experiences at the Tower of London were quite interesting. John Gerard was a roman priest/ spy, on a mission to help Catholic communities in England. However, he was caught and kept in the Tower of London for several years, all the while being tortured. After escaping from the tower, and returning to the main European Continent, he wrote a book which detailed some of the tortures he experiences. The one the article goes into detail on describes being hung by his hands on a piller, and left there for an entire day. However, he got through the pain with through prayer and with help from god.
The other article I read was about 10 interesting and odd facts about Martin Luther. Some of the few that stood out the most was Luther's advocation for heavy drinking, which he believed "alcohol cures all evils". He also approved of sex, and shared his thoughts that a woman could seek an affair if she wasn't being pleasured by her husband enough. One of the least controversial of these interesting facts was his animal Activism; as Luther was strongly against the hunting of Animals.
The first article I read was about the execution of Mary, Queen of the Scots by her cousin, Queen Elizabeth. I was most surprised by all the nuances of the execution and the amount of respect shown to Queen Mary by those who were about to execute her. The queen had escaped Scottish imprisonment and traveled to England where she expected to be accepted and taken care of. Instead she was forced into captivity and scheduled to be executed. She was beheaded in front of a crowd of hundreds of people including her ladies-in-waiting.
The second article I read was about the torture of Father John Gerard in the Tower of London. Father John Gerard was a Jesuit priest sent secretly from Rome to England. After six years, he was found and imprisoned. After three years of imprisonment, he was brought to the London Tower where his captors spent days torturing him to get him to confess his intentions. The only thing that kept him from doing so was his belief that God would not give him more than he could handle and the worst that could happen would be for him to die, which he wouldn't mind if it was in the name of God. After days of torture, he escaped from the tower and left England disguised as part of a Spanish diplomatic mission.
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